What federal law mandates testing for neonatal screening?

The correct answer is C, which includes both Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Hypothyroidism as part of the federal law that mandates testing for neonatal screening. Federal regulations, specifically the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act, require states to screen newborns for a range of congenital conditions, including both PKU and Hypothyroidism.

PKU is a metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency that can lead to severe intellectual disability if not identified and treated early. Early detection through screening allows for dietary changes to mitigate the effects. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, potentially resulting in developmental delays if left untreated. Both conditions are prioritized because of their significant health implications and the benefits of early intervention.

In contrast, the other options focus on either specific conditions or a broader range of disorders without including both crucial ones required by federal mandates, thereby not capturing the comprehensive approach outlined in the law aimed at protecting newborn health.